Usage and Ways of Translation of Proverbs and Sayings

Fast development of information technologies and means of the communications allow to speak today about processes of globalization in the world community. It, on the one hand, results in unification and standardization of world cultures, and on the other hand, raises consciousness of some representatives of national cultures, deduces on the first place desire to keep specificity and features of the culture at respect for representatives of other cultures and clever acceptance of most these cultures.
On shoulders of the translator lies the responsibility for adequate transfer of the text. Art "to inform the author" to the reader consists now not only in skill to transfer the text without infringement of usual norms of language on which translation is carried out, but also at the maximal reflection of cultural (mental) features of language of the original.
Translators on the experience know, how it is hard to recreate precisely other time the semantic contents as separate word-combination and all idea.
Translation is a mean of interlingual communication. The translator makes possible an exchange of information between users of different languages by producing in the target language a text which has an identical communicative value with the source text. This target text is not fully identical with the source text as to its form originality content due to the limitations imposed by the formal and semantic differences between the source language and target text.
The national beginning of one or another country reflected in its literature culture and in written culture that is especially interesting for us from the translation point of view is the aggregate of characteristic peculiarities and features that are specific for this nation and the constant historical development of this nation.
It also has common to all mankind, inte
ational character to which historical conditions give its own national coloring, its self-expression. That is why we speak about national...

The carried out study of the investigated problem, the results of which have been generalized in the process of linguistic research, allow to make the following conclusions:
1. In translation all the aspects of the phraseological units of the original are connected between themselves. The reasons of existence of lexical difficulty of translation are divergences in a picture of the world of English and the Russian languages, features of a polysemy of the English and Russian phraseological units, absence in language of translation of conformity of proverbs and sayings in English and Russian languages. Among the main reasons, which predetermine existence of the lexical problems of translation, it is necessary to name the certain divergences in stylistic and genre norms of representation of the information in idiomatic texts the English and Russian languages, features of the use of words and constant figurative and not figurative word-combinations.
2. We have found that there are the following ways of the phraseological units rendering: dictionary correspondence, the translation of polysemantic words, transcoding, word-for-word translation, contextual alteration, semantic development, formal negotiation and descriptive translation. Dictionary correspondence is an equivalent lexical or phraseological units submitted in translation dictionaries and in texts but exist in language of translation as translation equivalents. We can state that dictionary correspondence is very widely used as the way of rendering of English lexical units.
We have found a lot of examples of this method if translating. As for the proverbs an sayings, they have some translation conformity with a certain amount of their lexico-semantic variants. Transcoding is such way of translation when the sound and/or graphic form of a word of the source language is transferred by means of the alphabet of language of translation. As for transcoding, we have found no examples of this method of translation...