Курсовая по страноведению США-Schooling in the USA

Schooling is the process of imparting knowledge and skills to individuals through curriculum and instruction, experiential lea
ing, and work-based lea
ing. Effective schooling provides individuals with the necessary tools to become productive citizens, pursue higher education and lifelong lea
ing, engage in meaningful employment, and work toward achieving their life goals.
Under the No Child Left Behind Act, all students are required to participate in assessments and accountability systems in order to ensure that (a) schools are held accountable for students’ access to the general education curriculum, (b) schools hold high expectations for all students, and (c) student achievement is improved.
Conditions that promote positive schooling experiences are supported when all students “have access to challenging curriculum and their educational programs are based on high expectations that acknowledge each student’s potential and ultimate contribution to society”. All youth need to participate in educational programs grounded in standards and clear performance expectations and graduate from high school with a diploma that serves as a credential for accessing further education and employment opportunities.
Schools promote student lea
ing when they:
• implement curricula and academic programs based on clear state standards;
• implement career and technical education programs based on professional and industry standards;
• provide assessment, curriculum, experiential lea
ing, and work-based lea
ing experiences that are universally designed in order to provide access to all students;
• build small lea
ing communities;
• hire and retain highly qualified staff; and
• implement high school graduation standards and options based on meaningful measures of student lea
ing and skills.
Exemplary schools consider the needs of all youth and implement academic and non-academic courses and programs of study that help all youth achieve successful postschool outcomes such as...

Education in the United States is mainly provided by the public sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. Child education is compulsory.
Public education is universally available. School curricula, funding, teaching, employment, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards with jurisdiction over school districts with many directives from state legislatures. School districts are usually separate from other local jurisdictions, with independent officials and budgets. Educational standards and standardized testing decisions are usually made by state gove
ments.
The ages for compulsory education vary by state. It begins from ages five to eight and ends from ages fourteen to eighteen.
Compulsory education requirements can generally be satisfied by educating children in public schools, state-certified private schools, or an approved home school program. In most public and private schools, education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle school (sometimes called junior high school), and high school (sometimes referred to as secondary education). In almost all schools at these levels, children are divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten (followed by first grade) for the youngest children in elementary school, up to twelfth grade, the final year of high school. The exact age range of students in these grade levels varies slightly from area to area.
Post-secondary education, better known as "college" in the United States, is generally gove
ed separately from the elementary and high school system.