Устойчивые словосочетания и фразеологизмы в современном английском языке

Phraseological units, or idioms, are stable expression with their own meaning exist in every language throughout its history developing together with the language. Understanding of a national culture comes through the understanding of phraseological unit. Many set phrases, proverbs and sayings reflect national traits, customs, and traditions of people.
Phraseological units are widely used in not only in everyday speech, but also in literature, fiction, and mass media; they make language bright, imaginative and colorful. Many idiomsin the English language are characterized by ambiguity and stylistic diversity; it makes difficult their translation into other foreign languages.
Nowadays there are a number of scholars who pay their attention to the science of phraseology. Knowing phraseological units is a necessary condition of good knowledge of the language. It is a very important skill helping to understand the culture of the country of a studied language. Moreover this knowledge helps to avoid so-called “russicismes” in the speech – literal translation of sentences from Russian into English.
In the present course paper we will deal with phraseological units of the mode
English language.
Phraseological units as the particular units of language came into the focus of linguists’ attention in the beginning of the 20thcentury. In the second part of the 20thcentury these combinations of words became the object of scientific investigation.
The aim of the present work is to analyze phraseological units of the mode
English language.
To achieve the aim some tasks are determined.
First of all it is necessary to find out, what differences between free word-combinations and set expressions are and what phraseological unit means.
At the second, it is necessary to know typology of phraseological units (different classifications) and their main features and examine different classifications of phraseological units.
The subject of the present course paper is...

Lexicology studies various lexical units: morphemes, words, variable word-groups and phraseological units. The concept of “phraseological unit” has been first used by a Swiss linguist Charles Bally (1865–1947), later it was taken by V.V. Vinogradov and other linguists of the Soviet Union. Phraseological units are word groups with a fixed grammatical structure and lexical composition. Their meaning is familiar only to native speakers of the given language. It is generally figurative and cannot be derived from the meanings of the phraseological unit’s component parts. We should tell differences between phraseological units as set phrases and free word combinations.
A free combination is a syntactical unit, which consists notional and form words, and in which notional words have the function of independent parts of the sentence. And in a phraseological unit words are not independent. They form set-expressions. Neither words nor the order of words can be changed in these set expressions.
Free word-combinations are created by the speaker himself. Phraseological units are used by the speaker in a ready form, without any changes. The whole phraseological unit has a meaning which may be quite different from the meaning of its components, and therefore the whole unit, and not separate words, has the function of a part of the sentence.
Phraseological units consist of separate words and therefore they are different words, even from compounds. Word have several structural forms, but in idioms units only one component has all the forms of the paradigm of the part of speech it belongs to, and the rest of the components do not change their form.
The meanings of phraseological units are the result of the given language’s historical development.
There are several types of phraseological units according to degree of semantic cohesion: phraseological collocations which include a word or words with a meaning that is both literal and figurative, as in “profound silence”;...