Контрольная работа по английскому языку - 7 заданий.

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните инфинитив - одной чертой, причастие - двумя чертами, герундий - волнистой линией. Переведите предложения на русский язык.



1. In his early youth, Faraday had to save money to buy the apparatuses and instruments necessary for his experiments.

В своей ранней молодости, Фарадей должен был экономить деньги, для того чтобы купить аппаратуру (приборы) и инструменты необходимые для его экспериментов.



2. We know him to have taken interest in many scientific and technical issues of his period.

Мы знаем, что он интересовался многими научно-техническими публикациями (событиями) его периода.



3. After a while, Faraday set to work on another important problem, that of magnetism and its effects.

Через некоторое время Фарадей принялся за работу над другим важным вопросом, вопросом магнетизма и его влияния (действий).



4. Electricity was thought to be ‘rays’ or ‘stream’ that passed from the material being rubbed.

Считалось (полагалось), что электричество представляет собой «лучи» или «поток», который шел от материала, который натирали.



5. It was Humphry Davy, an outstanding British scientist and the most popular lecturer in London, who helped Faraday to become an assistant at the laboratory of the Royal Institute.

Именно Хэмфри Дэйви, выдающийся британский ученый и самый популярный лектор в Лондоне, помог Фарадею стать ассистентом в лаборатории Королевского Института.



6. To make up a pound of electric particles would take more of those particles than there are drops of water in the Atlantic Ocean.

Для того чтобы собрать фунт электрических частиц, надо было бы взять тех частиц больше, чем капель воды в Атлантическом океане.



5. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод объектного и субъектного инфинитивных оборотов.



1. The most famous scientists, Lomonosov and Franklin happened to make their experiments in the field of atmospheric electricity at about the same...

SEMICONDUCTORS



The term "Semiconductors" means "half-conductors", that is, a material the conductivity of which ranges between that of conductors and non-conductors (or insulators, as they are most of the time called by practicing power engineers). They include a great variety of basic elements (silicon, germanium, selenium, phosphorus and others), many chemical compounds and complexes (oxides, sulphides, etc.), as well as numerous ores and minerals.

While the conductivity of metals is very little influenced by temperature, the conductivity of semiconductors increases sharply with their heating, and it falls abruptly with their cooling. This co-relative dependence has opened great prospects for employing semiconductor in measuring instruments, that operate basing on recent scientific researches and mode
energy techniques. Light as well as heat increases the conductivity of semiconducting materials, this principle being used in creating photoresistances. It is also widely applied for switching on engines, for counting parts and single units on an automatic conveyer belt, as well as for various systems of emergency signals and for reproducing sound in cinematography. Besides reacting to light, semiconductors react to all kinds of radiations and are therefore employed in designing electronic counters.

Converting heat into electricity without using boilers or other machines and with little energy losses was one of the most complicated engineering problems that was faced by power researchers. This could be done by means of metal thermo-couples, which later on were made of semiconductors that generated ten times as much electricity as the metal ones.

Sunlight, like heat, wind or tide, can feed our electric circuits. Photocells made of semiconducting materials are capable of transforming ten per cent of sunray energy into electric power. By bu
ing wood, which has accumulated the same amount of solar energy, we obtain only fractions of one per cent of electric...