Контрольная работа по английскому языку для юридических факультетов: вариант 2

Variant 2

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State and Gove
ment of the UK. Monarchy
The constitutional principles, rules and practices of the United Kingdom have never been codified; they derive from stature law, from common law, and from conventions of the constitution, which are not laws at all, but political practices which have become considered as indispensable to the smooth working of the machinery of gove
ment. The monarchy, followed by the legislative, executive and judicial organs of gove
ment will be discussed in tu
.
The monarchy is the most ancient secular institution in the UK, with a continuous history stretching back over a thousand years. The monarchy is hereditary and the present title to the Crown derives from provisions of the Act of Settlement of 1701. The monarchy in the UK has evolved over the centuries from absolute personal authority to the present constitutional from by which the Queen reigns but does not rule. Her Majesty’s gove
ment gove
s in the name of the Queen who must act on the advice of her ministers. The Queen summons, prorogues (dismiss at the end of the session) and dissolves Parliament; she usually opens new sessions of Parliament with a speech from the throne. The Royal prerogative rights are of legislative, executive and judicial character. The monarch must give the Royal Assent before a Bill, which has passed all its stages in both Houses of Parliament, can become a legal enactment (Act of Parliament). The monarch’s consent and approval is required before a Cabinet can be formed or a minister takes up office. As Head of State the monarch has the power to sign inte
ational agreements, to cede or receive territory, and to declare war or make peace. The monarch makes appointment to all important offices of state, including judges, officers in the armed services, diplomats and the leading positions in the Established Church. As the “fountain of justice”, it is only the Monarch who is able to remit all parts of the...